Mobile phone, often referred as handphone in Malaysia, formerly known as cell phones or cellular phones, it is portable and can be in a wide range of mobile phone terminals.
At present, the most widely used mobile phone is GSM and CDMA mobile phone handsets. In Malaysia, GSM is most common, while CDMA and PHS (PHS) mobile phone is also very popular. These are the so-called second-generation mobile phones (2G), they are all digital standard, in addition to voice communication but also can send and receive SMS (Short Message Service, SMS), MMS (multimedia messaging, multimedia messaging), wireless application protocol (WAP) and so on.
Phone appearance generally should include at least one liquid crystal display and a set of keys (part of the use of touch-screen phone with a decrease of keys).
Some phone calls in addition to typical functions, also includes a PDA, game consoles, MP3, camera, sound recording, camera, GPS and more functions, with the phone functions to the development trend of the PDA.
Mobile phone development history
1G
The first generation of phones (1G) is the analog mobile phone, that is, in the 20th century, the United States and other 80’s and 90’s year on behalf of Hong Kong films appearing in Big Brother. Mobile developed the first U.S. company Motorola, Dr. Cooper. At that time, the battery capacity due to restrictions and the need for analog modulation huge antenna and integrated circuit development constraints, etc., this phone looks bulky, not only as a portable removable. Many people call this mobile phone for the “bricks and mortar” or KINGBOX such.
This phone has a variety of formats, such as NMT, AMPS, TACS, but basically the use of frequency division multiplexing is only for voice communications, the effect of instability in the recipient, and the lack of confidentiality, does not fully make use of wireless bandwidth. There is a simple phone-like duplex radio stations, calls are locked in a certain frequency, so the use of FM radio can eavesdrop on calls.
2G
Second-generation mobile phone is the most common. Generally, these phones use PHS, GSM or CDMA standards these are very mature, stable voice quality and suitable standby time. In the second generation in order to meet the demand for data communication, some intermediate standard is also supported mobile phones, such as support for the GPRS and MMS Internet WAP services business, as well as a wide variety of Java procedures.
3G
For third-generation mobile communication systems (3G) mobile phone has also been developed, but not universal as a result of network-related, have not been widely used. The beginning of the third generation of mobile phones is one of the objectives can be to develop a global wireless communication systems, but the actual final result is the emergence of a wide range of standard, there are WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA in the competition. These new standards are based on CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology, data communications bandwidth use and the further development of both.
The future of mobile phones
The future will focus on the mobile phone and data communications security. On the one hand, to strengthen the protection of privacy on the other hand, to strengthen research and development data, more multimedia features were introduced in, the phone will have more powerful computing capability, as a personal information terminal, and not just with calls and text messages functions.
Mobile phones will become more intelligent, miniaturized, security, and multifunctional.
Phone system
All the current phones to communicate through radio waves, cell phones and multi-frequency dual-band mobile phone is the same standard can be used for two or three-band phone can be different.
Dual-mode handsets and multi-mode mobile phone is available for two or more different mobile phone networks such as GSM and PHS, GSM and CDMA, 2G and 3G and so on. Although these phones in the price of single-mode mobile phones less, but more to the users an option to provide better flexibility. As a transitional phase now standard products, to improve network efficiency, to customers and operators are more cost effective option.
The safe use of mobile phone
Since the launch of a certain cell phone radio waves, it may have some radiation, on the human body, especially the head part of the organization closer to the brain have a certain impact, so its always been called into question the safety, although the former has no precise scientific data prove that mobile phones with certain brain diseases there is a genuine causal link.
However, in order to avoid affecting the normal operation of equipment, prohibition of the use of mobile phones in many places. For example:
* On the plane during take-off and landing place of the control system interfere with the air crash have increased the probability of cell phone ban on the use of aircraft.
* In the gas station, gas stations, storage of flammable and explosive chemicals storage areas, in order to prevent the radio signals generated in the metal lead to the explosion brand to prohibit the use of mobile phones make and receive phone calls.
* In the hospital a lot more sensitive electronic equipment on the equipment (cardiac monitor, ECG, EEG monitoring, the electronic pacemaker), and high purity oxygen, where such a device in order to ensure the normal operation and safety considerations will not allow the use of mobile phones .
Mobile phone penetration rate
Hong Kong is the world’s highest rate of mobile phones where: 123.9% (2006/02) (or an average of every 1,000 people in Hong Kong has a mobile phone 1239)
GSM digital mobile communication system is provided by the major European telecommunications operators and manufacturers of standardized components
Designed by the Commission, which is the basis of cellular systems evolved.
The concept of cellular systems and the theory of the twentieth century from the sixties, such as Bell Labs unit of the United States put forward, but its complex control systems, in particular the control of mobile station until the seventies as a mature semiconductor technology, large scale integrated circuit devices and the development of microprocessor technology, as well as a wide range of surface mount technology applications, only for the cellular mobile communications to provide the technical foundation to achieve. Until the United States in Chicago in 1979 opened the first AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) analog cellular systems, and also in the Nordic in September 1981 in Sweden, opened the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) system, followed by Europe, has opened in the UK TACS system , Germany to open C-450 systems.
In April 1973 a day, a man standing on the streets of New York, about two out of a big brick phones, and played a pass, attracted attention of passers-by have stopped. This person is Martin Cooper, the inventor of mobile phones. At that time, Cooper is the well-known Motorola’s engineers and technicians.
This is the world’s first GSM mobile phone is the call of his work in Alexandria, a Bell Labs opponent, the other was also in the development of mobile phones, but has not yet been successful. Cooper later recalled: “I called, he said: ‘Joe, I am now using a portable cellular phone with you call.’ I heard another side handset’s’ teeth ‘- although he has maintained a considerable courtesy. ”
This year the competition between science and technology products are now everywhere, to our modern life has brought great convenience.
Martin Cooper has been 74 years old this year, he worked in Motorola’s 29 years later, in Silicon Valley set up their own communications technology research firm. At present, he is the company’s chairman and CEO. At that time, the idea of Martin Cooper, is to let the media know that wireless communications - in particular, is a small mobile phone - is very valuable. In addition, he also hopes to provoke the United States Federal Communications Commission’s interest in Motorola and AT & T (AT & T is also a United States telecommunications companies) in competition, will support the former.
In fact, back then, we will find that the concept of mobile phones, back in the 40’s have emerged. At that time, is the nation’s largest communications company Alexander Bell Labs to start the trial. In 1946, Alexander Bell Labs created the first so-called mobile phone. However, due to the volume too much, the researchers can only put it in the laboratory shelf, and slowly forgotten people.
The 20th century until the late 60’s, AT & T and Motorola, the two companies interested in this technology to start up. At that time, AT & T leased a large volume of mobile phones, customers can call this car an in kcal. AT & T’s plan is that the future development of a mobile phone, power is 10 watts, on the use of radio equipment on the truck to be communication. Cooper believes that this phone too much, people simply can not go mobile. Thus, Motorola on the Federal Communications Commission to apply for the provisions of the power of mobile communications equipment, should be the only one watt, the largest not more than 3 watts. In fact, today the majority of mobile phone radio power, the largest only 500 mW.
From mobile phones registered patent in 1973 until 1985, before the birth of the first in the modern sense, the real mobile phone can be. It is the will power and an antenna placed in a box, weighing about 3 kg, very heavy and inconvenient, the user should be like carrying a backpack as it is running, it was called the “shoulder phone.”
